Biodiversidad exótica: presencia de especies marinas no-nativas introducidas por el tráfico marítimo en puertos colombianos

Abstract (en):

Colombia's favorable geographic location between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean combined with the high shipping activity of its ports (nearly 30000 arrivals per year) make it susceptible to the introduction of non-native marine species. In light of this potential threat, biological port surveys were conducted in three major port areas of the Colombian Caribbean Sea (Cartagena, Santa Marta and Coveñas) as well as three adjacent reference areas (Bay of Barbacoas, near Barú, Ensenada de Gaira near Rodadero and Ciénaga de Cispatá) in March and October of 2010, with the objective to detect the presence of non-native marine species, potentially introduced by shipping. In each port, surface phytoplankton and zooplankton was collected using horizontal net tows. In Coveñas, plankton from ballast water of two oil tankers was analyzed as well. Benthic fouling communities were collected by scraping hard substrates between 0 to 3 m water depth. To date, 39 new species have been identified with no prior recorded presence in the Colombian Caribbean. These include 34 phytoplankton species (two of which were observed exclusively in ballast water), three species of copepods and two species of benthic macroinvertebrates. The number of non-native taxa was greater for the three port areas than for the corresponding reference zones, with Santa Marta having the greatest number (17).

Abstract (es):

Debido a su ubicación geográfica favorable entre el Mar Caribe y el océano Pacifico y la alta actividad portuaria (casi 30.000 arribos por año), Colombia tiene elevada susceptibilidad a la introducción de especies marinas no-nativas mediadas por el tráfico marítimo. A la luz de esta amenaza potencial, en marzo y octubre de 2010 se realizaron levantamientos biológicos de línea base en tres zonas portuarias mayores del Caribe colombiano (Cartagena, Santa Marta y Coveñas) y en tres cuerpos de aguas de referencia adyacentes (Bahía de Barbacoas, cerca de Barú, ensenada de Gaira, cerca del Rodadero y Ciénaga de Cispatá), con el fin de detectar especies no-nativas, potencialmente introducidas por las embarcaciones. En cada una de las localidades se colectaron muestras de fitoplancton y zooplancton superficial mediante arrastres horizontales. En Coveñas se analizó también el plancton de muestras de agua de lastre de dos tanqueros. La comunidad bentónica epifaunal fue analizada por raspados de sustratos duros entre los 0 y 3 m de profundidad. A la fecha, se han identificado 39 especies sin registros anteriores para el Caribe colombiano que probablemente son introducidas. De éstas, 34 son fitoplancton (de cuales dos fueron observadas solamente en aguas de lastre), tres son copépodos y dos corresponden a macroinvertebrados bentónicos. El número de taxa sin registros anteriores fue mayor para los tres sectores portuarios que para las zonas de referencia, con el mayor número de especies nuevas (17) para Santa Marta.

Keywords:

Levantamientos portuarios de línea base biológica, Bioinvasiones marinas, Fitoplancton, Zooplancton, Bentos, Aguas de lastre, Caribe colombiano (es)

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How to Cite

Dorado-Roncancio, J., Ahrens, M. J., López Sánchez, M., Rodríguez, C. A., & Vidal, L. A. (2011). Biodiversidad exótica: presencia de especies marinas no-nativas introducidas por el tráfico marítimo en puertos colombianos. Biota Colombiana, 12(2). Retrieved from https://revistas.humboldt.org.co/index.php/biota/article/view/247

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