Recibido: 4 de marzo de 2024; Aceptado: 2 de septiembre de 2024
Abstract
This article presents the catalogue of type specimens held at the Herbarium of the Faculty of Forest Sciences at the National Agrarian University La Molina (MOLF). It provides detailed information on type status, currently accepted names, and conservation status for 84 vascular plant taxa. The MOLF Herbarium houses 38 holotypes, 100 isotypes, one lectotype, and one isolectotype, associated with collections made between 1963 and 2022. The majority of taxa documented belong to the families Orchidaceae, Melastomataceae, and Fabaceae.
Keywords:
botanical collections, plant taxonomy, Neotropical flora, vascular plant diversity.Resumen
Este artículo presenta el catálogo de los especímenes tipo conservados en el Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (MOLF). Provee datos e información de los tipos, nombres actualmente aceptados y categoría de conservación para 84 taxones de plantas vasculares. El Herbario MOLF conserva 38 holotipos, 100 isotipos, un lectotipo y un isolectotipo, asociados a colecciones organizadas entre 1963 y 2022. La mayoría de los taxones reportados aquí pertenecen a las familias Orchidaceae, Melastomataceae y Fabaceae.
Palabras clave:
colecciones botánicas, taxonomía vegetal, flora neotropical, diversidad de plantas vasculares.Introduction
Herbaria are a remarkable source of knowledge of plants. Specimens provide “verifiable and citable evidence of the occurrence of particular plants at particular points in space and time” (Nic Lughadha et al., 2018, p. 1) and offer important information to ecology, ethnobotany and conservation (Willis et al., 2003; Morales & Villalobos, 2004; Muñoz-Schick et al., 2012; Nesbitt, 2014). They have also been instrumental in characterizing phenological responses to climate change (Cook et al., 2021). Moreover, in the absence of field data, herbarium specimens can play a crucial role in conservation assessments (Willis et al., 2003) and in addressing key questions in plant biology (Willis et al., 2017).
Type specimens are a critical component of biological collections, serving as the cornerstone of nomenclature in taxonomic research. Their preservation is widely regarded as a priority (Arreguín et al., 1996; Trujillo, 2014; Jang et al., 2020). As Nesbitt explains, voucher specimens “allow identifications to be made in the first instance; they allow identifications to be checked by subsequent researchers; and they allow work to be updated in the light of new taxonomic concepts” (2014, p. 314). Although efforts to catalogue type specimens in Latin America have improved (Arreguín et al., 1996; Arreguín et al., 2006; Gonzáles, 2014; Morales & Villalobos, 2004; Méndez, 2008; Peña & Jaramillo, 2019; Fernández et al., 2015; Méndez & Azpillaga, 2013; Muñoz-Schick et al., 2012; Castellanos et al., 2021; Morales, 2014), much of the available information remains incomplete. In fact, a significant number of specimens designated as nomenclatural types are still untraced (Fernández et al., 2015). This situation is also evident in Peruvian herbaria, where data on type specimens are often lacking (Velarde, 1968; Velarde, 1969; López, 1975; López et al., 2003; Rodríguez et al., 2009; Treviño et al., 2012; MIDAGRI, 2022).
The Faculty of Forestry Sciences of the National Agrarian University La Molina (UNALM) was established in 1964 as part of a joint initiative between the UNALM, the Forest and Wildlife Service of the Ministry of Agriculture of Peru and the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, with a herbarium at its core. The herbarium’s earliest collections originated from the Dendrology Project (1961-1966), which focused on identifying Peruvian timber trees. This initiative laid the foundation for what would become the most extensive national collection of woody flora in Peru. Today, the herbarium-registered under the acronym MOLF (formerly MOL), is recognized as a leading scientific institution in Peru. Nevertheless, a comprehensive listing of its type specimens remains unavailable, despite recent efforts at compilation and cataloguing.
Materials and methods
This catalogue includes type specimens traced up to September 2022. All information was cross-referenced with protologues to verify collection data, including collector’s name, collection number, date, location, altitude and type category, as available through JSTOR Global Plants (https://plants.jstor.org/). Fifty three type specimens cited for MOL were not located in the collection during the preparation of this document (Table 1).
In Peru, the political subdivisions are organized into departments, provinces, and districts. The spatial distribution of type specimens is presented at the department level (Figure 1). To account for authorship, all individuals involved in the description of each taxon were considered. However, only the primary collector was considered when recording collector information. The Orchidaceae type specimens included here do not form part of the Bennett Collection (Trujillo, 2014), which is also held at MOLF.
Protologue information is provided for each taxon, including collection site, date and collectors. When data were missing from the protologue, supplemental information was added as permitted by Art. 9.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) (Turland et al., 2018). If the protologue indicates that the specimen was deposited at Servicio Forestal (Peru), Proyecto Dendrología, or MOL, the repository is recorded as MOLF. Additional annotations include habitat, spatial distribution, and endemism, based on relevant literature. Conservation status is provided according to the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) if available. If the currently accepted name of a taxon differs from the original publication, the relationship-Basionym of or Synonym of- along with the publication date, is indicated below the type information.
Results
Update of the data on Types
A key aspect of curatorial work at herbaria is the conservation of field data, associated labelling, and annotation notes, including determinations and revisions. These elements are essential for reconstructing the context of specimen collection, understanding the sequence taxonomic identifications, and clarifying the status of type material. For instance, in the case of Ormosia schunkei Rudd, the protologue designates the holotype as housed in the US National Herbarium (accession number 2554593), corresponding to the specimen collected by José Schunke-Vigo under sample number 3. While isotype images are available via JSTOR Global Plants web, two different number sets appear on these specimens: one retains the original field number (Schunke-Vigo, J., #3), recognized as the holotype and isotypes at Smithsonian Institution (US) and Universidad Nacional de Colombia (COL); the other set (Schunke-Vigo, J., #2998), found at US, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève (G), Field Museum of Natural History (F) and COL (Figure 5), reflects a later renumbering by the collector.
Requirements for valid publication of plant names have evolved over recent decades. Since January 1990, it has been mandatory to explicitly designate the type specimen using the word “type” or “holotype” (Art. 40.6 in Turland et al., 2018). Consequently, the correct designation of types published prior to this date -particularly before 1958- can be ambiguous (McNeill, 2014). Given that MOLF’s earliest collections date from 1926 to 1970 (Reynel et al., 2020), the herbarium may house types that are difficult to identify in published taxonomic treatments or were not cited in protologues. For example, the protologue of Bathysa multiflora L.O. Williams mentions type material at F, US, G and “others” (Williams, 1965), without referencing the Dendrology Project or the Servicio Forestal. In other instances, isotypes are omitted altogether, such as in the case of Mauria denticulata J.F. Macbr., whose holotype is located at the Field Museum, but the isotype preserved by Weberbauer at UNALM is not cited. Similarly, the protologue of Ormosia schunkei Rudd refers only to a specimen deposited at the US National Herbarium, omitting mention of the isotype held at MOLF. Recent changes to the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN) now require that the herbarium, collection, or institution housing the type be explicitly specified (Art. 40.7 in Turland et al., 2018). Therefore, tracing and verifying the type status of older specimens often demands additional effort and careful archival research.
A significant number of types are related to the Dendrology Project, which makes historical aspects key to the curatorial framework. In 4% of the cases (four taxa), the herbarium was cited as Servicio Forestal in the protologue or there is an indication that the type was collected as part of the Peruvian Forest Serv. Dendrology Project. This is the case of Lecythis peruviana L.O. Williams (Figure 3), Phragmotheca leucoflora D.R. Simpson (Figure 4), Zanthoxylum sobrevielae D.R. Simpson and Zanthoxylum albuquerquei D.R. Simpson.
The Missouri Botanical Garden has contributed a significant number of duplicates to the MOLF Herbarium. For this reason, there are widespread cases of duplicates received after the respective names were published, as it happens with Notopleura cincinalis C.M. Taylor and Magnolia peruviana A. Vázquez.
In more recent publications, holotypes deposited at MOLF are typically cited using the acronym MOL, with the exception of the isotypes of Begonia amoeboides Moonlight, Begonia lamolina Moonlight, Magnolia jaenensis Marcelo-Peña, Magnolia manguillo Marcelo-Peña & F. Arroyo, Parkinsonia peruviana C.E. Hughes, Daza & Hawkins and Zanthoxylum tambopatense Reynel.
The inclusion of local collections in JSTOR Global Plants not only facilitates the evaluation of type specimens for plant taxonomy but also encourages in-person visits of specialists, thereby enhancing curatorial efforts and improving overall data quality (Mori et al., 2012; Morales & Villalobos, 2004). This virtuous circle holds significant scientific value and should be actively promoted in local herbaria. In this spirit, the present article provides type specimen information to promote further taxonomic research and to foster greater interest in the collections housed at MOLF.
Representativeness of types kept at the herbarium MOLF
The botanical collections at MOLF have increased considerably in the past seventy years, now comprising approximately 50,000 specimens. The Peruvian woody flora alone is represented by 162 families (Reynel et al., 2020). This paper documents 38 holotypes, 100 isotypes, one epitype and one isolectotype (Table 2) across 84 taxa, 13 of which include holotype and isotype specimens. The six families with the highest number of types are Orchidaceae (10), Melastomataceae (9), Fabaceae (7), Rutaceae (6), Begoniaceae (5), and Magnoliaceae (5).
Temporal distribution of types
Specimens at MOLF represent collection efforts spanning from 1926 to 2022. Type specimens from 1926 to 1970 account for only 8% of the herbarium’s current holdings. During the 1970s and 1980s, few collections were made in Peru due to widespread violence in the country. In subsequent years, duplicate specimens were donated by the Flora of Peru project of the Missouri Botanical Garden, particularly those collected by Alwyn H. Gentry (Reynel et al., 2020). From that point forward, specimen acquisition increased significantly, especially between 2000 and 2020, when the herbarium received 70% of its current collection.
Before 1991, only isotypes were deposited at MOLF. The first two holotype specimens added were Psychotria ortiziana C.M.Taylor and Zanthoxylum tambopatense Reynel. Since 2009, the inclusion of holotypes has been relatively consistent (Figure 2).
Spatial distribution
Most types have been collected in Peru. However, the isotypes of Zanthoxylum campicola Reynel are from Colombia. Most Peruvian types were collected in the Department of Amazonas (19 taxa), nine of which come from the Province of Bongará: Begonia amoeboides Moonlight, Begonia lamolina Moonlight, Dendropanax umbellatus J.F. Macbr., Magnolia enepeceana Rob. Fern. & Marcelo-Peña, Magnolia reynelii Rob.Fern. & Marcelo-Peña, Meriania bongarana Rob. Fern., R. Goldenb. & Michelang., Meriania callosa Rob. Fern., R. Goldenb. & Michelang., Meriania penningtonii Rob. Fern., R. Goldenb. & Michelang. and Trichilia dazae T.D.Penn.
Until 2016, most specimens were recorded in seven departments: Madre de Dios, Cajamarca, Amazonas, Pasco, Loreto, Junín and Ucayali (Reynel et al., 2020). These records include 55 species and 10% of the type specimens. Although the collections cover nearly all departments of Peru, information gaps remain due to limited exploration in remote or difficult-to-access areas, such as Huancavelica and Apurímac (Reynel et al., 2020). Consequently, few or no specimens have been collected from these departments (Figure 1).
Collectors and descriptors
Thirty-five collectors have contributed type specimens to MOLF, with 20% of these resulting from binational collaborations. The most significant contributions come from Rodolfo Vásquez, James Graham, Camilo Díaz, Aniceto Daza, and José Schunke, who together account for 5% of the type specimens. Aniceto Daza has contributed the highest number of collection types, having individually collected three types and collaborated on an additional sixteen. The team led by Rodolfo Vásquez conducted sequential botanical surveys across various regions of Peru (Reynel et al., 2020), including Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park (Pasco), Jenaro Herrera and Santa Maria de Nanay (Loreto), the Cenepa River, and the Department of Amazonas. Notable species collected in these areas include Triolena rojasiae Michelang. & R. Goldenb., Calatola microcarpa Gentry ex Duno & Janovec, Inga gereauana (Pipoly & Vásquez) T.D. Penn. and Notopleura cincinalis C.M. Taylor.
One MOLF’s most important collectors was José Schunke (José Shunke-Vigo), whose specimens include the types of Palicourea ucayalina C.M.Taylor, Ormosia schunkei Rudd and Sida florulenta Fryxell. His contributions have notably expanded the geographical representation of the herbarium’s collections (Croat & Graham, 2019).
Furthermore, Peruvian researchers based at MOLF have described several new species, with Robin Fernández-Hilario and Carlos Reynel authoring nine and four new taxa, respectively, all with types deposited at MOLF. The increasing work of local researchers over the past two decades highlights MOLF’s growing role in the knowledge and cataloguing of Peru’s native flora.
Catalogue of type species
Acanthaceae
Aphelandra apecoi R.Villanueva, Rob.Fernández & Pillaca. Phytotaxa 459(3): 203 (2020).
Holotype: PERU. Huánuco, Prov. Huánuco, Dist. Chinchao (Chaglla), camino a catarata San Miguel, 1279 m, 09°29’20”S, 75°54’5”W, 16 January 2020 (fl.), R. Villanueva et al. 402 (MOLF000010).
Remarks: Shrub. The collection is restricted to Chinchao, Department of Huánuco, particularly in the area affected by agriculture.
Aphelandra rugosa R.Villanueva, Rob.Fernández & Pillaca. Phytotaxa 459(3): 198 (2020).
Holotype: PERU. Huánuco, Prov. Leoncio Prado, Dist. José Crespo y Castillo (Pucayacu), camino rumbo a catarata Otorongo y alrededores, 659 m, 8°40’43’02”S, 76°05’21.30”W, 13 January 2020 (fl., fr.), R. Fernández-Hilario et al. 1835 (MOLF000011).
Remarks: Shrub. The collection comes from disturbance areas near the Cordillera Azul National Park.
Dicliptera mercedesiae R.Villanueva, Wassh. & Rob.Fern. Phytotaxa 518(1): 37 (2021).
Holotype: PERU. Junín, Prov. Chanchamayo, Dist. San Ramón, Fundo Génova, 11°05’47.81(S), 75°21’39 W, 1152 m, 29 May 2018 (fl.), R. Villanueva & G. Bravo 72 (MOLF000012).
Remarks: Herb. The species is native to the pre-montane forests of the Departments of Pasco and Junín.
Anacardiaceae
Mauria denticulataJ.F.Macbr. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 122 (1930).
Isotype: PERU. Ayacucho, Prov. Huanta, Choimacota Valley, February 1926 (fl.), Weberbauer 7546 (MOLF000091).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to the evergreen bush-wood subxerophytic in the Department of Ayacucho.
Annonaceae
Pseudoxandra xylopiifoliaMaas & Westra. Blumea 55(3): 272 (2010).
Isotype: PERU. Ucayali, Prov. Coronel Portillo, Distr. Calleria, basin of Río Utiquinia, Quebrada Espjoyacu, affluent of Quebrada Manuela, 300 m a.s.l., 23 July 2003 (fr.), Graham 2447 (MOLF000013).
Remarks: Tree. The species is distributed in the Department of Ucayali, at 100-500 m a.s.l. (Vásquez et al., 2018). Listed as Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN, 2025).
Araliaceae
Dendropanax umbellatus (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F.Macbr. Publ. Field Columb. Mus. Bot. Ser. 13(5): 42 (1959).
Epitype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, bosques aledaños al río Imaza, 05°39’40.22”S, 77°58’12.75”W, 1530 m a.s.l., 11-12 January 2019 (fr.), R. Fernández, R. Villanueva, W. Chuquitucto & A. Wong 1649 (MOLF000014).
Remarks: Designated by Fernández-Hilario et al., 2020. Tree. The species is endemic to Andean montane forests in the Departments of Amazonas, Cajamarca, Huánuco and Pasco.
Begoniaceae
Begonia amoeboidesMoonlight. Phytotaxa 381(1): 119 (2018).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas Department, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, road from Amazonas to Rioja, 5°41’22”S, 77°47’11”W, 2088 m a.s.l., 31 January 2016 (fl., fr.), P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 150 (MOLF000016).
Isotypes: PERU. Amazonas Department, Prov. Bongará: Dist. Yambrasbamba, road from Amazonas to Rioja, 5°41’22”S, 77°47’11”W, 2088 m a.s.l., 31 January 2016 (fl., fr.), P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 150 (MOLF000017, MOLF000103).
Remarks: Herb. Two of their populations are in Bosque de Protección Altomayo (San Martín) and Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén (Pasco).
Begonia elachistaMoonlight & Tebbitt. Eur. J. Taxon. 281: 5 (2017).
Holotype: PERU. Region Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Palcazu, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, sector Paujil, 150 m from entrance to Las Cavernas on trail from Paujil, 10°20ʹ40ʺS, 75°15ʹ1ʺW, 432 m a.s.l., 25 February 2016 (fl.), P. W. Moonlight & A. Daza 318 (MOLF000015).
Remarks: Herb. The species was collected in a primary lowland forest.
Begonia lamolinaMoonlight. Phytotaxa 381(1): 121 (2018).
Holotype: PERU. Department of Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, road from Amazonas to Rioja, 5°41’52”S, 77°4̊ 8’35”W, 2301 m a.s.l., 31 January 2016 (fr.), P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 144 (MOLF000018).
Isotypes: PERU. Department of Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, road from Amazonas to Rioja, 5°41’52”S, 77°4̊ 8’35”W, 2301 m a.s.l., 31 January 2016 (fl.), P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 144 (MOLF000019, MOLF000104).
Remarks: Herb. The species was collected in the montane forests in the Departments of Amazonas and San Martín.
Begonia speculumMoonlight & Tebbitt. Edinburgh J. Bot. 74(2): 112 (2016).
Holotype: PERU. San Martín Region, Rioja Province, Bosque de Protección de Alto Mayo (BPAM), road from Amazonas to Rioja, km 393, 5°4”11S, 77°41”24W, 2 February 2016 (fl.), P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 158 (MOLF000092).
Remarks: Herb. The species grows in subtropical to montane forest at 1335-1800 m a.s.l.
Begonia veitchii var. machupicchuensisTebbitt. Edinburgh J. Bot. 77(1): 141 (2019).
Holotype: PERU. Cusco Region, Cusco Department, Prov. La Convencion, Santa Teresa District, road from Santa Theresa, overlooking hydroelectric station, 13°08’S, 72°35′W, 1615 m a.s.l., 7 January 2015 (fl.), M. C. Tebbitt 802 (MOLF000108).
Remarks: Herb. The distribution of the species is restricted to the area around the archaeological site of Machu Picchu in the Province of La Convención and Urubamba, in the Department of Cusco, at 1450-3400 m a.s.l.
Chrysobalanaceae
Licania palcazuensisPrance. PhytoKeys 42: 2 (2014).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Oxapampa, Palcazu District, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Cerro Panjil-Ozuz, Permanent plot tree, 24, 10°10’S, 75°10’W, 850 m a.s.l., 12 May 2005 (fl.), A Monteagudo, A Peña, R. Francis et al. 8250 (MOLF000105).
Remarks: Basionym of Moquilea palcazuensis (Prance) Sothers & Prance, Kew Bull. 71(4)-58: 37 (2016). Tree. The species grows in the montane forest of Selva Central, Department of Pasco. It is listed as Data Deficient (DD) under Moquilea palcazuensis (IUCN, 2025).
Clusiaceae
Chrysochlamys chrisharoniiVásquez & R.Rojas. Arnaldoa 16(2): 26 (2010).
Isotypes: PERU. Dpto. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dtto. Huancabamba, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Sector Tunqui, bosque primario, suelo muy húmedo, 10°16′13’’S, 75°31’00’’W, 1840 m a.s.l., 11 February 2008 (fl.), R. Vásquez et al. 33328 (MOLF000020, MOLF000021).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows principally in riparian primary forests, in the Department of Pasco, at 1200-1700 m a.s.l. (Vásquez & Rojas, 2009).
Elaeocarpaceae
Sloanea potsnirokiVásquez. Arnaldoa 16(2): 48 (2009).
Isotype: PERU. Dpto. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dtto. Villa Rica, Ubiriqui, primary forest, rocky soil, 10°42’36’’S, 75°03′00″W, 970 m a.s.l., 25 June 2009 (fl.), R. Vásquez, L. Valenzuela, A. Peña, L. Mateo, 36156 (MOLF000109).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in the alluvial plateaus from primary forests, in the Department of Pasco, at 300-1000 m a.s.l. (Vásquez, 2009; Vásquez et al., 2018).
Ericaceae
Vaccinium ortiziiLuteyn & Pedraza. Brittonia 63(2): 265 (2011).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dtto. Huancabamba, Parque Nacional Yanachanga-Chemillén, trail towards El Hito, 10°23'40.3″S, 75°28′55.7″W, 2265 m, 4 August 2005 (fl., fr.), E. Ortiz V. & R. Francis J. 737 (MOLF000107).
Remarks: Epiphytic shrub. The species grows in the lower montane cloud forest, at 1500-2500 m a.s.l. in the Department of Pasco.
Eriocaulaceae
Paepalanthus caryonautaHensold. PhytoKeys 64: 16 (2016).
Isotypes: PERU. Cuzco, Dist. Huayopata, sector San Luis, bosque primario intervenido, 13°04'S, 72°23'W, ca. 3000-3500 m, 24 November 2006, (fl.), L. Valenzuela et al. 8117 (MOLF000140, MOLF000141).
Remarks: Herb. The species is known from two disjunct paramo zones, between Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
Euphorbiaceae
Croton camposiiRiina & Ore-Rengifo. Syst. Bot. 43(1): 213 (2018).
Isotypes: PERU. San Martin, Rioja to Pedro Ruiz, border with Amazonas, 1800 m a.s.l., 4 December 2003 (fl.), T. D. Pennington, R. T. Pennington & A. Daza 17644 (MOLF000133, MOLF000134, MOLF000135, MOLF000136, MOLF000137).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in secondary successional dwarf montane forests, at 1800-2200 m a.s.l. in the Department of San Martín.
Croton tumbesinusRiina. Syst. Bot. 43(1): 217 (2018).
Isotype: PERU. Tumbes, Tumbes, Pampas de Hospital El Caucho, quebrada Faical between El Caucho and Campo Verde, 370 m a.s.l., 21 January 1989 (fl.), C. Diaz, T. Pennington & C. Reynel 3199 (MOLF000102).
Remarks: Tree. The species is known from two localities in the intervening areas of dry coastal forests in the Departments of Tumbes (Peru) and Manabi (Ecuador), at 190-450 m a.s.l.
Incadendron esseri K.Wurdack & Farfán. PhytoKeys 85: 71 (2017).
Isotype: PERU. Cusco, La Convención, District Quellouno, Abra de Yavero, 12°28'43"S 072°29'00"W, 2301 m, 24 September 2007 (fl.), G. Calatayud, I. Huamantupa, E. Suclli, & R. Ayerbe 4711 (MOLF000022).
Remarks: Type species of the genus Incadendron. Tree. The species is distributed in the montane forests of the Andes of Peru and Ecuador. It is listed as Vulnerable (VU) (IUCN, 2025).
Fabaceae
Affonsea gereauanaPipoly & R.Vásquez. Novon 4: 169 (1994).
Isotype: PERU. Loreto, Provincia de Maynas, Distrito de Sta. Maria de Nanay, Rio Nanay, Caserio Mishana, 8 September 1990 (fr.), R. Vásquez, O. Phillips & N. Jaramillo 14326 (MOLF000029).
Remarks: Basionym of Inga gereauana (Pipoly & R.Vásquez) T.D.Penn. Gen. Inga, Bot. 781 (1997). Tree. The species is endemic to the Amazonian basin in the Department of Loreto. It grows in undisturbed lowland rain forest on non-flooded land (Pennington, 1997). It is listed as Vulnerable (VU) (IUCN, 2025) under Inga gereauana.
Caesalpinia celendiniana G.P.Lewis & C.E.Hughes. Kew Bull. 65: 210 (2010).
Isotypes: PERU. Cajamarca, Celendín, Marañón river valley, km 47, road Celendín to Balsas on slopes on west side of the valley, 22 April 2002 (fl., fr.), C. E. Hughes et al. 2210 (MOLF000131, MOLF000132).
Remarks: Erect herb to brittle multi-stemmed, sometimes scrambling, shrub. The species is native to dry thorn scrub and tropical dry forests, at 1250-1600 m a.s.l.
Caesalpinia pluviosa var. maraniona G.P.Lewis & C.E.Hughes. Kew Bull. 65: 213 (2010).
Isotypes: PERU. Cajamarca, Celendín, Marañón Valley, km 50, road from Celendín to Leimebamba, 23 April 2002 (fl., fr.)., C. E. Hughes, A. Daza & Forrest 2215 (MOLF000027, MOLF000028).
Remarks: Shrub or small tree. The species is native to dry thorn scrub and tropical dry forests. Its distribution is restricted to the middle reaches of the upper Marañón river valley.
Maraniona lavinii C.E.Hughes, G.P.Lewis, Daza & Reynel. Syst. Bot. 29: 371 (2004).
Holotype: PERU. Cajamarca, Marañon Valley, 46 km east of Celendín, road to Leimebamba, on slopes above Puente Chocanto and Balsas, 6°51’24”S, 78°03’49”W, 1450 m, 22 April 2002 (fl.), C. E. Hughes et al. 2209 (MOLF000030).
Remarks: Tree. Type species of the genus Maraniona. The species is restricted to dry deciduous tropical forests and thorn scrub forests on steep rocky slopes above the Marañón river (Hughes et al., 2004).
Ormosia schunkeiRudd. Phytologia 18: 337 (1969).
Isotype: PERU. Dpto. Huánuco, Prov. Pachitea, Dpto. Honoria, en bosque alto, terreno húmedo, Huacamayo, sud este de la Quebrada Aymiría, 350 m a.s.l., 3 February 1969 (fr.), José Schunke no. 3 (MOLF000031).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to the Amazonian rainforests and is distributed in the Departments of Huánuco and Ucayali.
Parkinsonia peruviana C.E.Hughes, Daza & Hawkins. Kew Bull. 58: 467 (2003).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 5 km ENE of Balsas, Marañón Valley, 22 April 2002 (fl., fr.), C. E. Hughes 2213 (MOLF000032).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 5 km ENE of Balsas, Marañón Valley, 22 April 2002 (fl., fr.), C. E. Hughes 2213 (MOLF000033, MOLF000034, MOLF000035).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to seasonally tropical dry forests, restricted to the Marañón Valley in the Department of Amazonas. It is listed as Critically Endangered (CR) (IUCN, 2025).
Generiaceae
Diastema fimbratilobaMoonlight & J.L.Clark. Edinburgh J. Bot. 77(1): 90 (2019).
Holotype: PERU. Ucayali Region, Coronel Portillo Province, c.500 m beyond Margariti on path from Divisoria pass, 09°09′54′′S, 75°47′59′′W, 1630 m a.s.l., 7 February 2016 (fl.), P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 197 (MOLF-000117).
Remarks: Herb. The species is known from a small population between the Departments of Ucayali and Huánuco.
Icacinaceae
Calatola microcarpaGentry ex Duno & Janovec. Phytotaxa 124(1): 44 (2013).
Isotype: PERU. Loreto: Province Ucayali, Sapuena, Jenaro Herrera, Quebrada Supay, 04°55’S, 73°45’W, 120 m, 7 June 1989 (fr.), R. Vásquez 12300 (MOLF000036).
Remarks: Tree. The species has been registered in moist upland and floodplain forests, at 120-400 m a.s.l. in the Departments of Loreto and Madre de Dios (Peru), and the state of Acre (Brazil).
Lauraceae
Yasunia quadratavan der Werff. Novon 20(4): 494 (2010).
Isotype: PERU. Ucayali, Coronel Portillo, Río Utiquinia basin, Quebrada Espjoyacu, afluente de la quebrada Manuela, 07°56.679S, 73°53.619W, 30 June 2003 (fl.), J. G. Graham 2369 (MOLF000037).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in the Amazonian lowlands in Peru and Ecuador. It is listed as Data Deficient (DD) Category (IUCN, 2025).
Lecythidaceae
Lecythis peruviana L.O.Williams. Fieldiana, Bot. 31: 30 (1965).
Isolectotype: PERU. Loreto, Quebrada Valentín, Río Tahuayo, Fernando Lores District, Maynas Province, 31 October 1962, (fl., fr.), Arostegui V. 67 (MOLF000124, MOLF000125).
Remarks: Synonym of Eschweilera coriaceae (DC.) S.A.Mori, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21(2): 203 (1990). Tree. The species is common in non-flooded and periodically flooded forests in the Departments of Amazonas, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, and Puno, at 100-1000 m a.s.l. (Mori & Prance, 1990; Vásquez et al., 2018).
Loranthaceae
Gaiadendron coronatumKuijt. Novon 24(2): 173 (2015).
Isotype: PERU. Dpto. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Distr. Bermúdez, cabecera de la cuenca (oeste) del Río Ariapo, afluente del Río Ucayali, alturas del cerro Ariapo, Reserva Comunal el Sira, bosque enano, con abundante luz solar, 9°28’38”S, 74°35’07”W, 1995 m, 18 November 2009 (fl.), J. G. Grahan 5424 (MOLF000038).
Remarks: Shrub. The species grows between the elfin forest and dense cloud forest in the Reserva Comunal el Sira in the Department of Pasco.
Peristethium grahamiiKuijt. Novon 24(2): 176 (2015).
Isotypes: PERU. Dept. Ucayali, Prov. Coronel Portillo, Distr. Iparia, cabecera de la cuenca (oeste) del Río Ariapo, afluente del Río Ucayali, alturas del cerro Ariapo, Reserva Comunal el Sira, bosque enano, con abundante luz solar y árboles o arbustos emergentes; parásito en trepador, flores color amarillo, las hojas y tallos son de color verde amarillento, 9°28’49”S, 74°35’04”W, 2070 m a.s.l., 15 December 2009 (male fl., female fr.), J.G. Graham 5737 (MOLF000039, MOLF000040).
Remarks: Shrub. The species grows between the elfin forest and dense cloud forest in the Reserva Comunal el Sira in the Department of Pasco.
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia enepeceanaRob.Fern. & Marcelo-Peña. Brittonia 72(3): 325 (2020).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, Centro de Investigación de la ONG Neotropical Primate Conservation y bosque “El Toro” de la Comunidad Campesina de Yambrasbamba, 5°39.284’S, 77°54.855’W, 2000 m, 26-29 November 2018 (fl., fr.), R. Fernandez & W. Chuquitucto 1741 (MOLF000041).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, Centro de Investigación de la ONG Neotropical Primate Conservation y bosque “El Toro” de la Comunidad Campesina de Yambrasbamba, 5°39.284’S, 77°54.855’W, 2000 m, 26-29 November 2018 (fl., fr.), R. Fernandez & W. Chuquitucto 1741 (MOLF000042).
Remarks: Tree. The species is endemic to the montane forest of northern Peru, in the Department of Amazonas, at 1900-2000 m a.s.l. It is listed as Critically Endangered (CR) (IUCN, 2025).
Magnolia jaenensisMarcelo-Peña. Brittonia 65(1): 107 (2013).
Holotype: PERU. Cajamarca, Jaén, San Luis del Nuevo Retiro, 78° 57' 00.3" LW, 5° 39' 50" LS, 2435 m, 18 August 2009, J. L. Marcelo-Peña, K. Saldaña & C. Yrigoin 4490 (MOLF000043).
Isotypes: PERU. Cajamarca, Jaén, San Luis del Nuevo Retiro, 78° 57' 00.3" LW, 5° 39' 50" LS, 2435 m, 18 August 2009, J. L. Marcelo-Peña, K. Saldaña & C. Yrigoin 4490 (MOLF000044, MOLF000045, MOLF000046).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in montane moist forest in the Department of Cajamarca (Peru) and the Province of Zamora Chinchipe (Ecuador), at 2000-2500 m a.s.l. It is listed as Endangered (EN) (IUCN, 2025).
Magnolia manguilloMarcelo-Peña & F.Arroyo. Brittonia 65(1): 110 (2013).
Holotype: PERU. Cajamarca, Jaén, San Luis del Nuevo Retiro, 78°56'16.16"LW, 5°39'45.61"LS, 2307 m, 27 January 2010 (fl.), J. L. Marcelo-Peña, F. Arroyo, V. Marcelo & D. Yrigoin 5065 (MOLF000048).
Isotype: PERU. Cajamarca, Jaén, San Luis del Nuevo Retiro, 78° 56' 16.16" LW, 5° 39' 45.61" LS, 2307 m, 27 January 2010 (fl.), J. L. Marcelo-Peña, F. Arroyo, V. Marcelo & D. Yrigoin 5065 (MOLF000048).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in montane forests in the Department of Cajamarca, at 1900-2300 m a.s.l. It is listed as Endangered (EN) (IUCN, 2025).
Magnolia peruvianaA.Vázquez. Recursos Forest. Occid. México 117, (2012).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, Bagua Province, Distrito Imaza, Region del Marañon, Comunidad de Yamayakat, Quebrada Kusu-Chapi, Río Marañón, Bosque primario colinas, 4°55’S, 78°19’W, 550 m a.s.l., February 1995 (fl., bud), R. Vásquez 20057, N. Jaramillo, R. Apanu, Kugkumas (MOLF 000090).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows above 550 m a.s.l. in the Department of Amazonas. It is listed as Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN, 2025).
Magnolia reyneliiRob.Fern. & Marcelo-Peña. Brittonia 72(3): 332 (2020).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, Centro de Investigación de la ONG Neotropical Primate Conservation y bosque “El Toro” de la Comunidad Campesina de Yambrasbamba, 5°39.284’S, 77°54.855’W, 2000 m a.s.l., 26-29 November 2018 (fl., fr.), R. Fernández & W. Chuquitucto 1742 (MOLF000049).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, Centro de Investigación de la ONG Neotropical Primate Conservation y bosque “El Toro” de la Comunidad Campesina de Yambrasbamba, 5°39.284’S, 77°54.855’W, 2000 m a.s.l., 26-29 November 2018 (fl., fr.), R. Fernández & W. Chuquitucto 1742 (MOLF000050).
Remarks: Tree. The species is endemic to the montane forest of the north of Peru, in the Department of Amazonas, at 1900-2000 m a.s.l. It is listed as Critically Endangered (CR) (IUCN, 2025).
Malvaceae
Phragmotheca leucoflora D.R.Simpson. Phytologia 51: 308 (1982).
Isotypes: PERU. Dept. Loreto, Prov. Maynas; Dist. Alto Nanay, 150m., Peruvian Forest Serv. Dendrology Project tree n° I-148: flowering collection 28 October 1964 (fl.), A. Gutierrez R. 179 (MOLF000051, MOLF000052).
Remarks: Tree. The species is distributed in humid forests between Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazonian forests (Simpson, 1982; Vásquez et.al., 2018).
Sida florulentaFryxell. Lundellia 12: 20 (2009).
Isotype: PERU. Ucayali, Provincia de Padre Abad, Distr. Padre Abad Pampa Yurac. Arbusto de 2-3 m. Flores de color amarillo, brácteas verde oscuro. Bosque secundario, 300 m a.s.l., 9°3’S, 75°30’W, 9 September 2004 (fl.), Schunke Vigo & Graham 15875 (MOLF000053).
Remarks: Synonym of Sida boliviana Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71(5-6): 633 (1924). Shrub. The species grows in secondary forests in the Province of Padre Abad in the Departments of Ucayali and La Convención in the Department of Cuzco (Fryxell, 2009).
Melastomataceae
Meriania bongaranaRob.Fern., R.Goldenb. & Michelang. Willdenowia 52(1): 45 (2022).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, inmediaciones de la Estación Biológica Abra Patricia, 05°41'32.91"S, 77°48'41.1"W, 2320 m a.s.l., 19-20 February 2020 (fl., fr.), R. Fernandez-Hilario, R. Villanueva & L. Pillaca 1930 (MOLF000006!).
Remarks: Tree. The species was collected in Abra Patricia in an undisturbed area of the Province of Bongará, Department of Amazonas.
Meriania callosaRob.Fern., R.Goldenb. & Michelang. Willdenowia 52(1): 49 (2022).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, ruta desde CP Santa Rosa hacia bosque El Toro, 05°40'07.98"S, 77°55'30.04"W, 1950 m a.s.l., 11 November 2020 (fl.), R. Fernández-Hilario, W. Chuquitucto & A. Wong 2055 (MOLF000007!).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, Dist. Yambrasbamba, ruta desde CP Santa Rosa hacia bosque El Toro, 05°40'07.98"S, 77°55'30.04"W, 1950 m a.s.l., 11 November 2020 (fl.), R. Fernández-Hilario, W. Chuquitucto & A. Wong 2055 (MOLF000008!).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in montane forests in the Province of Bongará in the Department of Amazonas.
Meriania dazaeRob.Fern., R.Goldenb. & Michelang. Nordic J. Bot. 39(3): 6 (2021).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Rodríguez de Mendoza, Dist. Vista Alegre, along Salas Creek, 2750 m a.s.l., 06°06′50.58′′S, 77°26′48.21′′W, 06 August 2012 (fl.), J.L. Marcelo-Peña, R. Fernández-Hilario & J. Santos 6568 (MOLF000001).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Rodríguez de Mendoza, Dist. Vista Alegre, along Salas Creek, 2750 m a.s.l., 06°06′50.58′′ S, 77°26′48.21′′ W, 06 August 2012 (fl.), J.L. Marcelo-Peña, R. Fernández-Hilario & J. Santos 6568 (MOLF000002).
Remarks: Tree. The species was collected in montane forests in Vista Alegre Omia Regional Conservation in the Province of Rodriguez de Mendoza in the Department of Amazonas.
Meriania penningtoniiRob.Fern., R.Goldenb. & Michelang. Nordic J. Bot. 39(3): 2 (2021).
Holotype: PERU. San Martín (Amazonas), Rioja to Pedro Ruiz, border with Amazonas (near to CPBuenos Aires), 5°45′S, 77°40′W, 1800 m a.s.l., 04 December 2003 (fl.), T.D. Pennington, R.T.Pennington & A. Daza 17639 (MOLF000003, MOLF000004, MOLF000005).
Remarks: Tree. The species was collected in montane forests in the Province of Bongará in the Department of Amazonas.
Meriania rubrifloraMichelang. & R.Goldenb. Phytotaxa 374(3): 190 (2018).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Province of Oxapampa, Distrito Huancabamba, Sector Oso Playa, Camino a la parcela Oso Playa, 10°19’05”S 75°36’28”W, 2565 m a.s.l., 25 June 2006 (fl.), L. Cárdenas, A.Monteagudo, A. Peña, J. Mateo, R. Francis 458 (MOLF000023).
Remarks: Shrub. A unique population of the species was registered in a disturbed forest in the Province of Oxapampa in the Department of Pasco.
Meriania vasqueziiRob.Fern., R.Villanueva & Michelang. Willdenowia 52(1): 66 (2022).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Chontabamba, Ulcumano Lodge, 10°38'08"S, 75°25'39"W, 2244 m a.s.l., 23 February 2021 (fl.), R. Vásquez, L. Valenzuela, E.Pinche & C. Rojas 45480 (MOLF000009!).
Remarks: Tree or treelet. The species is endemic to high-elevation montane forests in the Province of Oxapampa in the Department of Pasco, at 2244 m a.s.l.
Miconia odoratissimaL.A.Cárdenas. Phytotaxa 188(3): 122 (2014).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Oxapampa, Huancabamba, sector San Daniel, 10°26’37” S, 75°26’57” W, 2171 m a.s.l., 9 September 2006 (fl., fr.), L. Cárdenas, G. Castillo & J Mateo 820 (MOLF000024).
Remarks: Tree or treelet. The species is endemic to the central forests of Peru, neighboring localities at the border of the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park in the Department of Pasco.
Miconia pozuzoanaL.A.Cárdenas & Michelang. Phytotaxa 188(3): 126 (2014).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Oxapampa, Pozuzo, Sector Huampal, Pan de Azúcar, cerca al área de observación de gallitos de las rocas. 10°11ʹ05ʺS, 75°34ʹ51ʺW, 1000-1100 m a.s.l., 22 July 2006 (fl.), L. Cárdenas & V. Flores 622 (MOLF000025).
Remarks: Treelet. The species is endemic to cloud forests in central Peru, inside the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park in the Department of Pasco, at 1000-1100 m a.s.l.
Triolena rojasiaeMichelang. & R.Goldenb. Phytotaxa 374(3): 199 (2018).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Province of Oxapampa, Dist. Palcazú, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Sector Paujil, Quebrada Tunel, 429 m a.s.l., 10°20’42”S 75°15’48”W, 17 March 2008 (fl., fr.), R. Vásquez, A. Monteagudo, I. Huamantupa, A. Peña 34034 (MOLF000026).
Remarks: Herb. The species grows on rocks along rivers inside forest of Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in the Department of Pasco, at 300-500 m a.s.l.
Meliaceae
Cedrela kuelapensis T.D.Penn. & Daza, Monogr. Cedrela 65 (2010).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Provincia de Luya, El Tingo to Chachapoyas, just below El Tingo (fl.), T.D.Pennington, R.T.Pennington & A.Daza 17596 (MOLF000129).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, Provincia de Luya, El Tingo to Chachapoyas, just below El Tingo (fl.), T.D.Pennington, R.T.Pennington & A.Daza 17596 (MOLF000130).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in tropical deciduous forests of Marañón Valley in the north of Peru, at 900-2200 m a.s.l. It is listed as Vulnerable (VU) (IUCN, 2025).
Cedrela molinensis T.D.Penn. & Reynel, Monogr. Cedrela 84 (2010).
Isotypes: PERU. Piura, Porcuya, Km 23-24 road Olmos to Jaen (fl., fr.), A.Daza 1551 (MOLF000054, MOLF000055, MOLF000056, MOLF000057, MOLF000058, MOLF000059, MOLF000060).
Remarks: Tree. The species is known from the population of the Departments of Piura and Tumbes, at 700-1600 m a.s.l. It is listed as Endangered (CR) (IUCN, 2025).
Cedrela nebulosa T.D.Penn. & Daza, Monogr. Cedrela 91 (2010).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Rodriguez de Mendoza, road Mendoza to Chachapoyas, hillside above Mendoza (fl.), T.D. Pennington, A.Daza & León 17844 (MOLF000061).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in wet montane and disturbed forests between elevation through the Amazonian basins in Peru, Equator, and Colombia, at 1100-2400 m a.s.l.
Trichilia dazaeT.D.Penn. Phytotaxa 259(1): 46 (2016).
Isotypes: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Bongará, San Carlos, February 2007 (fl.), T. D. Pennington & A. Daza 18007 (MOLF000096, MOLF000097, MOLF000098, MOLF000099, MOLF000100).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in seasonal wet evergreen montane forest, commonly in disturbed areas, in the Department of Amazonas, at 1900-2150 m a.s.l. (Pennington, 2016). It is listed as Endangered (EN) (IUCN, 2025).
Trichilia reyneliiT.D.Penn. Phytotaxa 259(1): 117 (2016).
Isotypes: PERU. Junín, Prov. Satipo, Distrito Pangoa, Puerto Ocopa (fl.), Reynel 280 (MOLF000062, MOLF000063).
Remarks: Tree. The species is known by collection from the transition between rainforest and seasonally dry forests at the eastern end of the Chanchamayo Valley in the Department of Junín, at 600-800 m a.s.l. (Pennington, 2016). It is listed as Critically Endangered (CR) (IUCN, 2025).
Moraceae
Ficus sirensis Mitidieri & Pedern. Syst. Bot. 45(1): 91 (2020).
Holotype: PERU. Coronel Portillo, Iparia, Sira Communal Reserve, valley within the basins of Ariapo and Iparia rivers, tributaries of the Ucayali River, 9°27.85’S, 74°33.95’W, 1550-1600 m a.s.l., 04 November 2009 (fr.), J. G. Graham 5257 (MOLF000106).
Remarks: Tree. The species is known only from the type locality located in the northwestern side of Peru, in the Province of Coronel Portillo in the Department of Ucayali, at 1550-1600 m a.s.l. (Rivera et al., 2020).
Orchidaceae
Epidendrum anchihuayenseHágsater & Rob.Fern. Icon. Orchid. 19(1): t. 1904 (2022).
Holotype: PERU. Dept. Ayacucho, Prov. La Mar: Distr. Anchihuay: Jaiyamonte, 3400 m a.s.l., 23 May 2015 (fl.), Robin Fernández Hilario 936 (MOLF000143).
Remarks: Epiphytic herb. It grows in southern and northern Peru, at 3330-3400 m a.s.l. (Hágsater et al., 2022).
Epidendrum bricenorumDamian & Hágsater. Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1607 (2018).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Luya, Anexo Vista Hermosa, Área de Conservación ENDA, 2100 m, 18 March 2016, (fl.), Alexander Damián Parizaca y Julio Briceño 6020 (MOLF000144).
Remarks: Herb. Terrestrial and epiphytic, scandent, sympodial, and erect. The species is known from two collections, in northern Peruvian Andes, on both sides of the Marañón river basin; in montane forest, at 2100-2850 m a.s.l.
Epidendrum yanatilenseDamian & Hágsater. Phytotaxa 246(4): 288 (2016).
Holotype: PERU. Cusco, Provincia de Calca. Distrito de Yanatile 4 km from Santiago Valley, 571 12°34’31.74”S, 72°25’24.05”W, 2450 m, 27 May 2015 (fl.), A.Damián & U. Huaycho 0300 (MOLF000145).
Remarks: Herb, epiphytic, erect, sympodial, caespitose. The species is known only from the type collection in the Province of Calca, in the Department of Cusco, at 2400 m a.s.l.
Lepanthes odobenusDamian & B.T.Larsen. Phytotaxa 291(2): 151 (2017).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Chachapoyas, Dist. Magdalena, above “Saula”, 6°24’10” S, 77°49’30”W, 2800 m a.s.l., 20 March 2016 (fl.), A. Damián & J. Torres 7010 (MOLF000146).
Remarks: Epiphytic, caespitose herb. The species is only known from one locality, in a humid cloud forest in the Province of Chachapoyas in the Department of Amazonas, at 2800 m a.s.l. (Damian & Larsen, 2017).
Lepanthes peruvianaDamian & B.T.Larsen. Phytotaxa 291(2): 151 (2017).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Chachapoyas, Dist. Magdalena, above “Saula”, 6°24’10” S, 77°49’3’”W, 2800 m a.s.l., 20 March 2016 (fl.), A. Damian & J. Torres 7001 (MOLF000148).
Remarks: Epiphytic herb. The species grows in the high mountains in the Department of Amazonas, at 2800 m a.s.l. (Damian & Larsen, 2017).
Lepanthes pseudoprofusaDamian & B.T.Larsen. Phytotaxa 291(2): 153 (2017).
Holotype: PERU. Amazonas, Prov. Chachapoyas, Dist. Magdalena, above “Saula”, 6°24’10” S, 77°49’30” W, 2800 m, 20 March 2016 (fl.), A. Damian & J. Torres 7003 (MOLF000147).
Remarks: Epiphytic herb. The species grows in humid cloud forests in Northern Peru, in the Departments of Piura, Cajamarca, and Amazonas, at 2800 m a.s.l.
Pteroglossa acalcarataDamian & Salazar. Phytotaxa 311(3): 240 (2017).
Holotype: PERU. Cusco, Provincia de Calca, Distrito de Yanatile, 3 km from Santiago valley, 1400 m a.s.l., 8 January 2015 (fl.), A. Damián & U. Huaycho 200 (MOLF000149).
Remarks: Terrestrial herb. The species was registered only on the hills in semi-deciduous forest in the District of Yanatile, Department of Cusco, at 1400 m a.s.l.
Stelis peruvianaDamian & Karremans. Syst. Bot. 41(2): 293 (2016).
Holotype: PERU. Yanatile, Calca, cloud forest, 12°35’6” S, 72°25’57” W, 1990 m, 27 May 2015 (fl.), A. Damián & U. Huaycho 0400 (MOLF000150).
Remarks: Epiphytic herb. The species is known only by the type collection from the montane forest in the Province of Calca, Department of Cusco, at 1990 m a.s.l.
Telipogon santiagocastroviejoiNauray, A.Galán & R.Farfán. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65(1): 90 (2008).
Isotype: PERU. Cusco, Quispicanchis, Marcapata, Marcapata, 13°35’06’ S, 70°58’12’’W, 2864 m a.s.l., 20 April 2007 (fl.), W. Nauray & R. Farfán 3764 (MOLF000152).
Remarks: Herb caespitose epiphytic. The species grows in the cloud forest at around 2800 m a.s.l.
Telipogon tupayachiiNauray & A.Galán. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65(1): 93 (2008).
Isotype: PERU. Cusco, Paucartamabo, Kosñipata, Tres Cruces-Acjanaco, National Park of Manu, 13°9’49’’S, 71°37’57’’W, 3471 m, 25 April 2007 (fl.), W. Nauray & M. Mamani 3768 (MOLF000151).
Remarks: Herb. The species has been registered between the elfin forest and the humid Puna, at 3400 m a.s.l.
Pentaphylacaceae
Freziera croatiiD.Santam. & A.K.Monro. Kew Bull. 74(1)-14: 12 (2019).
Isotypes: PERU. Departamento de Pasco, Provincia de Oxapampa, río San Alberto valley, E of 619 Oxapampa, primary high montane forest, 10°34'S, 075°22'W, 2600 m a.s.l., 25 July 1984 (fl. bud, fr.), ED. N. Smith & A. Preter 8029 (MOLF000126, MOLF000127, MOLF000128).
Remarks: Tree or shrub. The species grows in undisturbed humid forests, at 2600-2800 m a.s.l. It is listed as Endangered (EN) (IUCN, 2025).
Freziera oxapampensisD.Santam. Harvard Pap. Bot. 20(1): 74 (2015).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Provincia Oxapampa, Río San Alberto valley, E of Oxapampa, W slopes of 626 Cordillera Yanachaga, High montane primary forest, on ridge, 10°3̊4' S, 75°22' W, 2500 m a.s.l., 24 July 1984 (fr.), D. N. Smith & A. Pretel 8002 (MOLF000119).
Remarks: Tree. The species has been registered in a single location from the Province of Oxapampa, in a sclerophyllous forest, at 2136-2720 m a.s.l. It is listed as Vulnerable (VU) (IUCN, 2025).
Rubiaceae
Bathysa multiflora L.O. Williams. Fieldiana. Botany 31(2): 44. 1965.
Isotype: PERU. “Silata”, Granja, Reserva Forestal, Satype, Depto. Junin, Pcia. Jauja, 800 m a.s.l., 25 February 1963 (fl.), Cesar Bazán Vásquez 07 (MOLF000064, MOLF000065, MOLF000066, 634 MOLF000067, MOLF000068, MOLF000069).
Remarks: Tree. The species has been registered in the Department of Junín.
Notopleura cincinalis C.M.Taylor. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88(3): 491 (2001).
Isotype: PERU. Amazonas, provincial Condosconqui, distrito El Cenepa, región Nororiental del Marañón, Tío Cenepa, comunidad Tytino, 04°33’S, 78°10’W, 450 m a.s.l., 22 November 1993 (fr.), R. Vásquez, C. Díaz, J. Mostacero, F. Mejía & J. Ampam 18503 (MOLF000070).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to humid forests, distributed from the South of Ecuador to the North of Peru.
Palicourea ucayalina C.M.Taylor. Novon 24(1): 78 (2015).
Holotype: PERU. Ucayali, prov. Padre Abad, distr. Boqueron Padre Abad, 300 m a.s.l., 21 June 2004 (fl.), J. Schunke Vigo & J., G. Graham 15678 (MOLF000071).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to the primary humid forest in northern Peru.
Psychotria ortiziana C.M.Taylor. Novon 24(4): 423 (2016).S
Holotype: PERU. Madre de Dios, prov. Tambota, Las Piedras, albergue Cuzco Amazónico, 12°29’S, 69°03’W, 200 m a.s.l., 23 February 1991 (fl.), M. Timaná 1506 (MOLF000138).
Remarks: Tree. The species was registered in wet forests in the western Amazon basin, at 193-900 m a.s.l.
Rutaceae
Raputia codo-pozuzoensisRob.Fern. & Arteaga. PhytoKeys 89: 75 (2017).
Holotype: PERU. Huánuco, Prov. Puerto Inca, Dist. Codo de Pozuzo, alrededores de toma de agua cerca al Río Pozuzo, 9°40'57.76"S, 75°30'31.35"W, 565 m a.s.l., 01 February 2015 (fl.), R. Fernandez, R. Arteaga & F. Meza 830 (MOLF000078, MOLF000079).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to premontane humid forests and is distributed in the Department of Pasco.
Zanthoxylum albuquerquei D.R.Simpson. Phytologia 51: 314 (1982).
Isotypes: PERU: Dept. Loreto(Ucayali), Prov. Coronel Portillo, Dist. Callería, Vivero del Region Forestal (Peruvian Forest Service Regional Tree Nursery), 4 km de Pucallpa, alt. ca. 130 m a.s.l., Peruvian Forest 661 Service Project Dendrology tree no. PA-14, fruiting collection, 1 August 1968, Manuel Castillo S. 28 (MOLF000080, MOLF000081, MOLF000082, MOLF000083).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in Amazonian humid forests. It is listed as Endangered (EN) (IUCN, 2025).
Zanthoxylum campicolaReynel. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 72 (2017).
Isotypes: COLOMBIA. Medellín, Parque Ecol. Piedras Blancas, Paraje de Quebrada, 6°18’N, 75°29’W, 2350 m a.s.l., 20 May 1995 (fl., fr.), R.Fonnegra, F. Roldán & A. Acevedo 5607 (MOLF00084, MOLF00085).
Remarks: Tree. The species is distributed from Colombia to Ecuador.
Zanthoxylum lepidopteriphilumReynel. Novon 5: 365, (1995).
Isotype: PERU. Piura, Prov. Huancabamba, Canchaque, between “Chorro Blanco” and “Warwar”, 2000-2500 m a.s.l., 18 January 1989 (fr), C. Díaz, T.D. Pennington & C. Reynel 3192 (MOLF000086).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to cloud forests and is distributed in the Provinces of Imbabura and Loja (Ecuador) and the Departments of Piura and Cajamarca (Peru).
Zanthoxylum sobrevielae D.R.Simpson. Phytologia 51: 316 (1982).
Isotype: PERU. Department of Loreto, Prov. Coronel Portillo, Dist. Callería, “bosque seco tropical”, Km 33 Carretera Pucallpa a Huánuco, 160 m a.s.l., 8 February 1968 (fl.), Manuel Castillo S. 1 (MOLF000087).
Remarks: Synonym of Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 9: 24 (1950). Fide: Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 72 (Reynel 2017). Tree. The species grows in tropical dry forests between the Province of Napo (Ecuador) and the Department of Loreto (Peru).
Zanthoxylum tambopatenseReynel. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 169 (2017).
Isotypes: PERU. Madre de Dios, Tambopata, Cuzco Amazónico touristic reserve, 12°29’S, 69°03’W, 200 m a.s.l., 31 July 1991 (female, fr.), M. Timaná 1968 (MOLF000087, MOLF000088).
Remarks: Tree. The species is distributed between the Region of Acre (Brazil), the Departments of Beni, Santa Cruz and La Paz (Bolivia) and the Department of Loreto (Peru).
Zanthoxylum sambucirhachisReynel. Novon 28(1): 9 (2020).
Isotype: ECUADOR. Los Ríos, Quevedo Canton, Parroquia Centinela-La Pirámide, vía Santo Domingo de los Colorados-Quevedo, entrando por Patricia Pilar Km. 41, bosque húmedo tropical, bosque secundario, 01°409S, 79°209W, 650 m a.s.l., 25 February 1992 (female, fl.), C. Quelal & G. Tipaz 361 (MOLF000139).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in premontane rainforest in Ecuador, at 100-1200 m a.s.l.
Sabiaceae
Meliosma chanchamayensisRob.Fern. & Reynel. Phytotaxa 559(1): 46 (2022).
Holotype: PERU. Junín, Prov. Chanchamayo, Dist. San Ramón, La Promisoria, 11°05′S, 75°23′W (11°03′20′′S, 75°24′40′′W), 1070-1200 m a.s.l., 26 November 1998 (fl.), T.D. Pennington & A. Daza 16505 (MOLF000110, MOLF000111).
Remarks: Tree. The species has been registered at only a single locality in the District of San Ramón (Junín).
Meliosma dazaeRob.Fern. Phytotaxa 559(1): 49 (2022).
Holotype: PERU. Junín, Prov. Chanchamayo, Dist. San Ramón, road to Mina Pichita, just above mine, 11°05′40′′S, 75°25′03′′W, 2100 m, 18 November 2002 (fl.), R.T. Pennington, A.K. Monro & A. Daza 1290 (MOLF000112).
Isotype: PERU. Junín, Prov. Chanchamayo, Dist. San Ramón, road to Mina Pichita, just above mine, 11°05′40′′S, 75°25′03′′W, 2100 m, 18 November 2002 (fl.), R.T. Pennington, A.K. Monro & A. Daza 1290 (MOLF000113, MOLF000114, MOLF000115, MOLF000116).
Remarks: Tree. The species has been registered at only a single locality in the District of San Ramón (Junín).
Salicaceae
Hasseltia yanachagaensis Vásquez & A.Monteag. Arnaldoa 20(2): 254 (2014).
Isotype: PERU. Dpto. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Distrito. Huancabamba, Tunqui, zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, 10°16’03S, 75°31’43W, 1760 m a.s.l., 4 November 2007 (fl.), A. Monteagudo et al. 15921 (MOLF000118).
Remarks: Tree. The species is known from Yanachaga Chemillén National Park collections, registered above 1760 m a.s.l.
Solanaceae
Brunfelsia cabiesesiana J.G.Graham. PhytoKeys 75: 84 (2016).
Holotype: PERU. Department of Ucayali, Prov. Coronel Portillo, Dist. Iparia, Reserva Comunal El Sira, 9°27.8'S, 74°33.5'W, 1500 m a.s.l., 24 October 2007, J. G. Graham 5970 (MOLF000072).
Remarks: Tree. The species grows in cloud forests on the East slopes of the Cordillera El Sira, between the Departments of Ucayali and Pasco.
Saracha andina Rob.Fern., Revilla & E.Pariente. PhytoKeys 85: 34 (2017).
Holotype: PERU. Ayacucho, Prov. Lucanas, Dist. Ocaña, Centro Poblado San José de Tomate (CP 725 Pachaca) - Sector Palca, 14°18'12.9"S, 74°45'33.11"W, 3700 m a.s.l., 26 June 2015 (fl., fr.), E. Pariente, R. Fernández & L. Ríos 110 (MOLF000073).
Isotype: PERU. Ayacucho, Prov. Lucanas, Dist. Ocaña, Centro Poblado San José de Tomate (CP 725 Pachaca) - Sector Palca, 14°18'12.9"S, 74°45'33.11"W, 3700 m a.s.l., 26 June 2015 (fl., fr.), E. Pariente, R. Fernández & L. Ríos 110 (MOLF000074).
Remarks: Tree. The species is native to the Central Andes and is distributed between the Departments of Ayacucho, Huancavelica, and Lima.
Solanum junctum S.R.Stern & M.Nee. PhytoKeys 39: 28 (2014).
Isotype: PERU. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Pozuzo, 1 km N del Puente Yulitunqui-Sector Huampal, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, 10°09'47"S, 75°33'58"W, 975-1100 m a.s.l., 15 April 2005 (fl., fr.), E. Ortiz V. & J. Mateo M. 576 (MOLF000075).
Remarks: Tree. The species is distributed in the Departments of Amazonas, Ayacucho, Junín, Pasco, and San Martín.
Styracaceae
Styrax excelsus P.W.Fritsch. Novon 25(3): 282 (2017).
Isotypes: PERU. Cusco, Prov. La Convención, Distr. Quelloúno, Lacco, 12°37´31”S, 72°14´03”W, 2770 m a.s.l., 17 June 2006 (fl.), L. Valenzuela, J. Farfán, E. Suclli & J. Farfán F. 6917 (MOLF000122, MOLF000123).
Remarks: Tree. The species growth in primary wet forests in the Department of Cuzco.
Urticaceae
Coussapoa peruviana C.C.Berg. Novon 23(1): 15 (2014).
Isotypes: PERU. Junín, San Ramón-La Merced, Est. Exp. La Génova, 11°05’S, 75°821’W, 1100 m a.s.l., 13 November 1998 (fl.), A. Daza & T. D. Pennington 16370 (MOLF000076, MOLF000077).
Remarks: Tree. This is native to humid secondary forests, registered at only in the Department of Junín.
Table 1: List of type specimens not considered in the catalogue.
Family
Name of taxon
Reference
Amaryllidaceae
Clinanthus longissimus
Esquerre & Meerow, 2020
Amaryllidaceae
Hippeastrum ugentii
Ochoa, 2006
Annonaceae
Annona oxapampae
Maas & Westra, 2010
Annonaceae
Cremastosperma bullatum
Pirie & Zapata, 2004
Araceae
Philodendron schmidtiae
Croat et al., 2013
Asteraceae
Centenaria rupacquiana
Gonzáles et al., 2018
Asteraceae
Grindelia tarapacana var. verrucosa
Granda et al.. 2000
Asteraceae
Pentacalia poeppigiana
Granda, A., 2009
Asteraceae
Senecio tassaensis
Montesinos, 2014
Caryophyllaceae
Paronychia sanchez-vegae
Montesinos, 2018
Crassulaceae
Echeveria deltoidea
Pino & Vilcapoma, 2018
Eriocaulaceae
Paepalanthus caryonauta
Hensold, 2016
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum ulei var. escalerense
White, 2020
Fabaceae
Inga tenuicalyx
Pennington, 1997
Fabaceae
Tachigali inca
Huamantupa, 2020
Fabaceae
Tachigali pilosa
van der Werff, 2013a
Gesneriaceae
Nautilocalyx rugosus
Rojas & Clark, 2015
Lauraceae
Ocotea mollivillosa
van der Werff, 2014
Lauraceae
Ocotea glabriflora
van der Werff, 2013b
Loranthaceae
Peristethium confertiflorum
Kuijt, 2012
Magnoliacaeae
Magnolia manuensis
Arroyo & Serna-Gonzáles, 2020
Malpighiaceae
Heteropterys tiinae
Anderson, 2014
Melastomataceae
Macrocentrum andinum
Michelangeli & Goldenberg, 2018
Melastomataceae
Miconia chemillensis
Cárdenas et al., 2014
Moraceae
Ficus machupicchuensis
Berg & Homeier, 2010
Passifloraceae
Passiflora praemorsa
Boza, 2014
Primulaceae
Cybianthus candamoensis
Pipoly & Ricketson, 2006
Primulaceae
Cybianthus condorensis
Pipoly & Ricketson, 2018
Santalaceae
Phoradendron alatum
Kuijt, 2011
Siparunaceae
Siparuna vasqueziana
Renner & Hausner, 2000
Solanaceae
Jaltomata yungayensis
Mione et al., 2000
Solanaceae
Larnax macrocalyx
Leiva et al., 1998
Solanaceae
Markea vasquezii
Rodríguez, 2006
Solanaceae
Solanum ancoripae
Särkinen et al., 2015
Solanaceae
Solanum arenicola
Särkinen et al., 2015
Solanaceae
Solanum kulliwaita
Knapp, S., 2010
Solanaceae
Solanum mariae
Särkinen et al., 2015
Urticaceae
Cecropia chlorostachya
Berg, 2002
Urticaceae
Cecropia puberula
Berg & Franco, 1996
Table 2: Type specimens held at MOLF.
Family
Taxon
Holotype
Isotype
Epitype
Isolectotype
Acanthaceae
Aphelandra apecoi
X
Acanthaceae
Aphelandra rugosa
X
Acanthaceae
Dicliptera mercedesiae
X
Anacardiaceae
Mauria denticulata
X
Annonaceae
Pseudoxandra xylopiifolia
X
Araliaceae
Dendropanax umbellatus
X
Begoniaceae
Begonia amoeboides
X
X
Begoniaceae
Begonia elachista
X
Begoniaceae
Begonia lamolina
X
X
Begoniaceae
Begonia speculum
X
Begoniaceae
Begonia veitchii var. machupicchuensis
X
Chrysobalanaceae
Licania palcazuensis
X
Clusiaceae
Chrysochlamys chrisharonii
X
Elaeocarpaceae
Sloanea potsniroki
X
Ericaceae
Vaccinium ortizii
X
Eriocaulaceae
Paepalanthus caryonauta
X
Euphorbiaceae
Croton camposii
X
Euphorbiaceae
Croton tumbesinus
X
Euphorbiaceae
Incadendron esseri
X
Fabaceae
Caesalpinia celendiniana
X
Fabaceae
Caesalpinia pluviosa var. maraniona
X
Fabaceae
Inga bicentenaria
X
X
Fabaceae
Affonsea gereauana
X
Fabaceae
Maraniona lavinii
X
Fabaceae
Ormosia schunkei
X
Fabaceae
Parkinsonia peruviana
X
X
Gesneriaceae
Diastema fimbratiloba
X
Gesneriaceae
Pachycaulos huancambabe
X
Icacinaceae
Calatola microcarpa
X
Lauraceae
Yasunia quadrata
X
Lecythidaceae
Lecythis peruviana
X
Loranthaceae
Gaiadendron coronatum
X
Loranthaceae
Peristethium grahamii
X
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia enepeceana
X
X
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia jaenensis
X
X
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia manguillo
X
X
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia peruviana
X
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia reynelii
X
X
Malvaceae
Phragmotheca leucoflora
X
Malvaceae
Sida florulenta
X
Melastomataceae
Meriania callosa
X
X
Melastomataceae
Meriania dazae
X
X
Melastomataceae
Meriania penningtonii
X
X
Melastomataceae
Meriania rubriflora
X
Melastomataceae
Meriania vasquezii
X
Melastomataceae
Miconia odoratissima
X
Melastomataceae
Miconia pozuzoana
X
Melastomataceae
Triolena rojasae
X
Meliaceae
Cedrela kuelapensis
X
X
Meliaceae
Cedrela molinensis
X
Meliaceae
Cedrela nebulosa
X
Meliaceae
Trichilia dazae
X
Meliaceae
Trichilia reynelii
X
Moraceae
Ficus sirensis
X
Orchidaceae
Epidendrum anchihuayense
X
Orchidaceae
Epidendrum bricenoorum
X
Orchidaceae
Epidendrum yanatilense
X
Orchidaceae
Lepanthes odobenus
X
Orchidaceae
Lepanthes peruviana
X
Orchidaceae
Lepanthes pseudoprofusa
X
Orchidaceae
Pteroglossa acalcarata
X
Orchidaceae
Stelis peruviana
X
Orchidaceae
Telipogon santiagocastroviejoi
X
Orchidaceae
Telipogon tupayachii
X
Pentaphylacaceae
Freziera croatii
X
Pentaphylacaceae
Freziera oxapampensis
X
Rubiaceae
Bathysa multiflora
X
Rubiaceae
Notopleura cincinalis
X
Rubiaceae
Palicourea ucayalina
X
Rubiaceae
Psychotria ortiziana
X
Rutaceae
Raputia codopozuzoensis
X
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum albuquerquei
X
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum campicola
X
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum lepidopteriphilum
X
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum sobrevielae
X
Abiaceae
Meliosma chanchamayensis
X
Sabiaceae
Meliosma dazae
X
X
Salicaceae
Hasseltia yanachagaensis
X
Solanaceae
Brunfelsia cabiesesiana
X
Solanaceae
Saracha andina
X
X
Solanaceae
Solanum junctum
X
Styracaceae
Styrax excelsus
X
Urticaceae
Coussapoa peruviana
X
40
58
1
1
Figure 1: Spatial distribution of type specimens held at MOLF.
Figure 2: Temporary distribution of type specimens held at MOLF.
Figure 3: Type specimen of Lecythis peruviana.
Figure 4: Type specimen of Phragmontheca leucoflora.
Figure 5: Type specimen of Ormosia schunkei.
Figure 6: Type specimen of Affonsea gereauana.
