Ictiofauna y desarrollo del sector hidroeléctrico en la cuenca del río Magdalena-Cauca, Colombia

Abstract (en):

The Magdalena-Cauca River basin has 213 species of freshwater fish, of which slightly more than 50% are endemic. This basin accounts for 80% of the Colombian population, holds 80% of the national GDP and within its channels are located the 84% of the hydroelectric plants that supply energy to Colombia. The Andean mountains generate altitudinal gradients in aquatic systems as well as its associated biota along the Magdalena-Cauca basin. To analyze the interaction between the altitudinal gradient in the distribution of species of freshwater fish and the location of existing reservoirs, it was performed an analysis of the altitudinal distribution of endemic and migratory fish species and their implications for their conservation based on the current and future state in the formation of reservoirs, using a review of case studies at global and national levels. It was found that the number of species is inversely proportional to altitude, while the endemics are directly proportional and reservoirs below 700 m altitude affect the conservation status of migratory species. A reservoir creates new species richness gradients and modifies the channels that are used by migratory species as spawning areas. We conclude that the development of the hydropower based on the use of water in the Andean rivers and another activities associated with economic development of Colombian society, has led to changes in freshwater aquatic systems in the Magdalena-Cauca basin, influences in the structure of the assemblages of species of fish and in the dynamic of migration and spawning of freshwater fish species important for artisanal fisheries.

Abstract (es):

La cuenca del río Magdalena-Cauca presenta 213 especies de peces, de las cuales un poco más del 50 % son endémicas. Esta cuenca concentra el 80 % de la población colombiana, sostiene el 80% del PIB nacional y en sus cauces se localiza el 84 % de las centrales hidroeléctricas que surten de energía al país. La presencia de los Andes genera gradientes altitudinales en los sistemas acuáticos así como en la biota asociada a lo largo de la cuenca Magdalena-Cauca. Para analizar la interacción entre el gradiente altitudinal en la distribución de especies de peces dulceacuícolas y la localización de los embalses actuales, se hizo un análisis de la distribución altitudinal de las especies peces endémicas y migratorias, y se discutieron las implicaciones para su conservación respecto al estado actual y futuro en la formación de embalses, basados en la revisión de estudios de caso a nivel global y nacional. Se encontró que el número de especies es inversamente proporcional a la altitud, mientras que los endemismos son directamente proporcionales y que la localización de embalses abajo de los 700 m de altitud influirá en el estado de conservación de las especies migratorias. Se evidencia que un embalse crea nuevos gradientes de riqueza y modifica los cauces que son utilizados por especies migratorias como áreas de desove. Se concluye que el desarrollo del sector eléctrico basado en el uso del agua de los ríos andinos, así como otras actividades asociadas con el desarrollo económico de la sociedad colombiana, ha generado cambios en los sistemas acuáticos dulceacuícolas en la cuenca Magdalena-Cauca, e influye en la estructura de los ensamblajes de especies de peces y en la dinámica migración-reproducción de las especies de peces importantes para la pesca artesanal.

Keywords:

Embalses, Represas, Peces dulceacuícolas, Andes (es)

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How to Cite

Jiménez-Segura, L. F., Restrepo-Santamaría, D., López-Casas, S., Delgado, J., Valderrama, M., Álvarez, J., & Gómez, D. (2014). Ictiofauna y desarrollo del sector hidroeléctrico en la cuenca del río Magdalena-Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 15(2). Retrieved from https://revistas.humboldt.org.co/index.php/biota/article/view/317

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