Aquatic plants in the floodplains of the Orinoco Basin of Colombia

Abstract (en):

The vast floodplains of the Orinoco Basin have the conditions for the proliferation of aquatic vegetation. Despite its ecological importance in the "Llanos Orientales" of Colombia, the aquatic flora in this region has been understudied. Consequently, the knowledge and dissemination of information about the richness and distribution patterns of aquatic plants and aquatic communities is scarce. In addition, the Orinoco Basin of Colombia is among the most over-exploited regions in the country. In order to provide a first insight into the species richness of macrophytes present in the region, plants associated with aquatic habitats were collected, identified, and photographed. For almost two years, 101 localities were visited. These localities were located in six departments (Arauca, Casanare, Guainía, Guaviare, Meta and Vichada) and 19 municipalities. In each locality, dried plant material and silica-dried material were collected. Sampling effort was concentrated towards hydrophytes and helophytes inhabiting lentic and lotic environments. 1167 collected specimens were deposited in the ANDES herbarium (Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá). Among these, 95 families, 221 genera, and 341 species of vascular plants were associated with aquatic habitats. Of the species collected, only 151 had been reported in the study area with 1374 historic occurrences in the "Herbario Nacional Colombiano" (COL) database. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of information about the richness and distribution patterns of macrophytes in the Orinoco Basin of Colombia. We consider that this information is important in order to propose localities that should be a priority for conservation purposes, and to protect these important and threatened fresh-water ecosystems.

Abstract (es):

Las extensas llanuras inundables de la cuenca del Orinoco presentan las condiciones adecuadas para la proliferación de vegetación acuática. A pesar de su importancia ecológica en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia, la flora acuática que existe en esta región no ha sido suficientemente estudiada. Así mismo, el conocimiento y divulgación de la riqueza y los patrones de distribución de plantas y comunidades acuáticas son muy reducidas. Adicionalmente, la Orinoquia colombiana es una de las regiones más sobreexplotadas del país. Con el fin de tener una primera aproximación a la riqueza de especies de macrófitas presentes en esta región, se colectaron, identificaron y fotografiaron todas las especies de plantas que fueron encontradas asociadas a cuerpos de agua. Durante casi dos años se visitaron 101 localidades, ubicadas en seis departamentos (Arauca, Casanare, Guainía, Guaviare, Meta y Vichada) y 19 municipios. En cada localidad se colectó material vegetal seco para herbario y tejidos conservados en sílica. El esfuerzo de muestreo se concentró en plantas hidrófitas y helófitas que habitan ambientes lóticos y lénticos. Los 1167 especímenes colectados fueron depositados en el herbario ANDES (Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá). Se identificaron 95 familias de plantas vasculares que incluyeron 221 géneros y 341 especies, que fueron asociadas al agua. Dentro de las especies colectadas, únicamente 151 se encontraron registradas en el área de estudio con 1374 registros históricos en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). El presente estudio pretende ser una contribución al conocimiento y divulgación sobre la riqueza y patrones de distribución de las macrófitas en la Orinoquia colombiana. Consideramos que esta información es importante para proponer localidades prioritarias para la conservación y proteger estos ecosistemas de agua dulce tan importantes como amenazados.

Keywords:

Macrófita, Helófitas, Hidrófitas, Sistemas lénticos, Sistemas lóticos, Cuenca del Orinoco (es)

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How to Cite

Fernández, M., Bedoya, A. M., & Madriñán, S. (2015). Aquatic plants in the floodplains of the Orinoco Basin of Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 16(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.humboldt.org.co/index.php/biota/article/view/371

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