Abstract (en):
Urban growth in coastal areas has led to eutrophication, which in turn has caused the accumulation of organic in the estuarine system of the gulf of Guayaquil. In this scenario trophic status was determined using the Karydis index in three zones established according to hydrographic affinity one mile from the coastal margin of the province of El Oro. Additionally, multivariate analysis were developed to establish the relationship between micro-phytoplankton and physical and chemical variables. Significant differences in trophic levels and community structure were found in each zone. Zone A (Jambelí channel), had the highest trophic index, nitrate (3.8) and silicate (4.9), and lowest salinity, dissolved oxygen, and transparency; zone B (coastal marine exchange area), the one with the greatest oceanic influence, had medium trophic levels (nitrate: 3.4 and silicate: 4.6); zone C (Puná island), had the highest salinity and lowest trophic indexes (3.2 nitrate and 4.3 silicate). The representative species in zone A were: Nitzschia longissima, Skeletonema costatum, and Pseudonitzschia delicatissima; zone B: P. delicatissima, Guinardia striata, and Leptocylindrus danicus ; zone C: Paralia sulcata, Thalassionema nitzschioides, and S. costatum. The study area was determined as mesotrophic. However, zone A presented the highest trophic level, probably due to a greater influence from human activities.
Abstract (es):
El incremento urbano en zonas costeras ha conducido a la eutrofización, cuya acumulación de residuos orgánicos
ha afectado también al estuario del golfo de Guayaquil; por ello, se determinó el estado trófico utilizando el índice
Karydis, a una milla del margen costero de la provincia de El Oro, en tres zonas establecidas según la afinidad
hidrográfica. Además, se realizaron análisis multivariados para establecer la relación entre el microfitoplancton
y las variables físico-químicas. Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en niveles tróficos y estructura
comunitaria por zonas. La zona A (canal de Jambelí), mostró mayor índice trófico, nitrato (3.8) y silicato (4.9),
con menor salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y transparencia; la zona B (área de intercambio marino-costera), con
mayor influencia oceánica, presentó valores tróficos medios (nitrato: 3.4 y silicato: 4.6) y la zona C (isla Puná),
mostró mayor salinidad y los menores índices tróficos (3.2 de nitrato y 4.3 silicato). Las especies representativas
fueron en la zona A Nitzschia longissima, Skeletonema costatum y Pseudonitzschia delicatissima; en la zona
B: P. delicatissima, Guinardia striata y Leptocylindrus danicus, y la zona C Paralia sulcata, Thalassionema
nitzschioides y S. costatum. Se determinó que el área de estudio es mesotrófica, no obstante, la zona A, presentó
el mayor nivel trófico, debido probablemente a una mayor influencia de actividades humanas.
Keywords:
Análisis multivariado, Estuario, Eutrofización, Índice Karydis, Mesotrófico (es)
Estuary, Eutrophication, Karydis index, Mesotrophic, Multivariate analysis (en)
Estuary, Eutrophication, Karydis index, Mesotrophic, Multivariate analysis (en)
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How to Cite
Troccoli-Ghinaglia, L., & Prado-España, M. (2018). Trophic status and community structure of microphytoplankton in a sector of the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Biota Colombiana, 18(2), 145–163. https://doi.org/10.21068/c2017.v18n02a09
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